Kunobva: China Security World Network
Moto wekuvheneka kwechimbichimbi chikamu chakakosha chekuvaka zvidziviriro zvemoto uye zvishongedzo, zvinosanganisira moto wekukurumidzira mwenje uye moto wekukurumidzira mwenje, inozivikanwawo semoto wekukurumidzira mwenje uye zviratidzo zvekubuda.Basa rayo guru nderekuona kuti vashandi vabuda zvakachengeteka, kuenderera mberi kwebasa panzvimbo dzakakosha uye kurwisana nemoto uye mabasa ekudzikinura apo iyo yakajairwa mwenje system isingachakwanise kupa mwenje kana moto.Chinodiwa chakakosha ndechekuti vanhu vari muchivako vanogona kuona zviri nyore nzvimbo yekubuda kwechimbichimbi uye nzira yakatarwa yekubuda nerubatsiro rweimwe mwenje zvisinei nenzvimbo yeruzhinji.
Huwandu hukuru hwemhosva dzemoto dzinoratidza kuti nekuda kwekugadzika kusinganzwisisike kwekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekufambisa kana kubuda kwakashata muzvivakwa zveveruzhinji, vashandi havagone kuwana nemazvo kana kuziva nzvimbo yekubuda kwechimbichimbi mumoto, chinova chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa kuwanda. rufu nekukuvara tsaona dzemoto.Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kubatanidza kukosha kukuru kuti marambi echimbichimbi emoto anogona kuita basa rawo rakakodzera mumoto.Yakasanganiswa netsika yemakore mazhinji ebasa uye zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekodhi yekudzivirira moto dhizaini yezvivakwa (GB50016-2006) (inozonzi kodhi yekuvaka), munyori anotaura nezve maonero ake pamusoro pekushandiswa marambi echimbichimbi emoto muzvivako.
1, Kuisa huwandu hwemarambi emoto ekukurumidzira.
Chisungo 11.3.1 chemitemo yekuvaka chinoti zvikamu zvinotevera zvezvivakwa zvevagari vemo, mafekitori uye matura ekirasi C kunze kwezvivakwa zvekugara zvichange zvine marambi ekuvheneka moto nekukurumidza:
1. Masitepisi akavharirwa, masitepisi anodzivirira utsi uye kamuri rayo repamberi, kamuri repamberi rekamuri rinosimudza moto kana kamuri repamberi rinogoveranwa;
2. Imba yekudzora moto, imba yepombi yemoto, kamuri rejenareta rakazvipa, imba yekugovera simba, kudzora utsi uye kamuri yekuburitsa utsi uye mamwe makamuri achiri kuda kushanda kazhinji kana moto ukapisa;
3. Auditorium, horo yekuratidzira, imba yebhizinesi, imba ine mabasa mazhinji uye resitorendi ine nzvimbo yekuvaka inopfuura 400m2, uye studio ine nzvimbo yekuvaka inopfuura 200m2;
4. Zvivakwa zvepasi pevhu uye semi pasi pevhu kana makamuri ekuita zveveruzhinji mumakamuri epasi uye semi basement ane nzvimbo yekuvaka inodarika 300m2;
5. Mafambiro ekubuda mudzimba dzeveruzhinji.
Chisungo 11.3.4 chemitemo yekuvaka chinoti zvivakwa zveveruzhinji, zvidyarwa zvepamusoro-soro (matura) uye kirasi A, B uye C zvidyarwa zvichange zvakashongedzerwa nechiedza chekubuda chezviratidzo padivi penzira dzekubuda uye dzekubuda nechimbichimbi uye zvakananga pamusoro pemasuo ekubuda mukati. nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.
Chisungo 11.3.5 chemitemo yekuvaka chinotemesa kuti zvivakwa kana nzvimbo dzinotevera dzichapihwa zviratidzo zvekubuda kunze kwechiedza kana mwenje wekuchengetedza mwenje zviratidzo zvinogona kuchengetedza kuenderera kwekuona pasi penzira dzekubuda uye nzira huru dzekubuda:
1. Zvivakwa zvekuratidzira zvine nzvimbo yekuvaka yakazara inopfuura 8000m2;
2. Mashopu epamusoro ane nzvimbo yekuvaka inodarika 5000m2;
3. Zvitoro zvepasi uye semi pasi pevhu zvine nzvimbo yekuvaka inodarika 500m2;
4. nziyo uye kutamba varaidzo, kuongorora uye varaidzo nzvimbo;
5. Mabhaisikopo uye mabhaisikopo ane zvigaro zvinopfuura 1500 uye magymnasium, maodhitoriyamu kana maodhitoriyamu ane zvigaro zvinopfuura zviuru zvitatu.
Iyo kodhi yekuvaka inodonongodza kuseta kwemarambi echimbichimbi sechikamu chakasiyana chetsanangudzo yakazara.Kana ichienzaniswa neyekutanga kodhi yedhizaini yekudzivirira moto yezvivakwa (gbj16-87), inowedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yekumisikidza marambi emoto uye inosimbisa kuisirwa kunosungirwa kwemarambi echimbichimbi emoto.Semuenzaniso, zvinotemerwa kuti marambi emoto ekukurumidzira anofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzezvivakwa zvevagari vemo (kunze kwezvivakwa zvekugara) uye chirimwa (imba yekuchengetera), zvivakwa zveveruzhinji, yakakwirira-inosimuka chirimwa (imba yekuchengetera) Kunze kwekirasi D uye E, iyo nzira dzekubuda, dzekubuda nechimbichimbi, magonhi ekubuda uye zvimwe zvikamu zvechirimwa zvichaiswa nechiedza chechiratidzo chekubuda, uye zvivakwa zvine imwe chiyero senge zvivakwa zveveruzhinji, pasi pevhu (semi pasi pevhu) zvitoro uye nziyo nekutamba varaidzo nenzvimbo dzekutandarira. ichawedzerwa nechiedza chepasi kana mwenje wekuchengetedza evacuation zviratidzo zviratidzo.
Nekudaro, parizvino, mazhinji madhizaini edhizaini haanzwisise zvakaringana, shandisa yakajairwa laxly, uye kuderedza yakajairwa dhizaini pasina mvumo.Ivo vanowanzo tarisa chete dhizaini yemarambi ekukurumidzira emoto munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda uye zvivakwa zvakakura zveveruzhinji.Kune akawanda-storey maindasitiri zvidyarwa (matura) uye zvakajairwa zvivakwa zveveruzhinji, marambi emoto ekukurumidzira haana kugadzirwa, kunyanya pakuwedzera mwenje wepasi kana mwenje wekudzivirira evacuation zviratidzo zviratidzo, izvo zvisingagoni kunyatsoitwa.Vanofunga kuti hazvina basa kuti vakaiswa here kana kuti kwete.Paunenge uchiongorora dhizaini yekudzivirira moto, kuvaka uye kuongorora vashandi vemamwe masangano ekuchengetedza moto akatadza kunyatso kudzora nekuda kwekusanzwisisana mukunzwisisa uye mutsauko mukunzwisisa kwekutsanangurwa, zvichikonzera kutadza kana kusakwana kwekugadzika kwemarambi emoto mune dzakawanda. mapurojekiti, zvichikonzera njodzi ye "congenital" moto yakavanzika yeprojekiti.
Nokudaro, chikwata chekugadzira uye sangano rekutarisa moto rinofanirwa kuisa zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwemarambi ekukurumidzira moto, kuronga vashandi kuti vasimbise chidzidzo uye kunzwisisa kwezvakatemwa, kusimbisa kushambadza uye kushandiswa kwezvakatemwa, nekuvandudza danho redzidziso.Chete kana dhizaini iripo uye kuongororwa kwakanyatso kudzorwa tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti marambi emoto ekukurumidzira anoita basa rawo rakakodzera mumoto.
2, Simba rekupa nzira yemwenje yekukurumidzira moto.
Chisungo 11.1.4 chemitemo yekuvaka chinoti * * dunhu rekupa magetsi richagashirwa kumidziyo yemagetsi ekudzima moto.Kana kugadzirwa uye magetsi emumba akadzimwa, magetsi ekudzima moto achange achine chokwadi.
Parizvino, marambi emoto ekukurumidzira anowanzo tora nzira mbiri dzekupa magetsi: imwe imhando yekutonga yakazvimirira ine magetsi ayo.Ndokunge, iyo yakajairika magetsi yakabatana kubva kune yakajairwa 220V yekuvhenekesa magetsi wedunhu, uye bhatiri remwenje rekukurumidzira rinochajwa panguva dzakajairwa.
Kana iyo yakajairika magetsi yadzimwa, iyo yekumira yemagetsi (bhatiri) inopa magetsi otomatiki.Rudzi urwu rwemwenje rune zvakanakira mari shoma uye nyore kuisa;Imwe yacho inonzi centralized power supply uye centralized control type.Ndiko kuti, hapana magetsi akazvimiririra mumagetsi ekukurumidzira.Kana magetsi emagetsi enguva dzose agurwa, anozofambiswa neiyo centralized power supply system.Iri rudzi remwenje rakanakira manejimendi yepakati uye ine yakanaka system kuvimbika.Paunosarudza nzira yekupa magetsi emagetsi ekukurumidzira mwenje, ichave yakanyatsosarudzwa maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Kazhinji kutaura, kune nzvimbo diki uye yechipiri yekushongedza mapurojekiti, yakazvimirira yekudzora mhando ine yayo yega magetsi inogona kusarudzwa.Kune mapurojekiti matsva kana mapurojekiti ane imba yekudzora moto, magetsi epakati uye centralized control mhando ichasarudzwa sezvinobvira.
Mukutarisa kwezuva nezuva uye kuongorora, inowanikwa iyo inowanzoshandiswa mune yega-ine simba yakazvimirira kudzora moto wekukurumidzira marambi.Mwenje wega wega mune iyi fomu ine huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvemagetsi senge voltage shanduko, voltage stabilization, kuchaja, inverter uye bhatiri.Bhatiri rinoda kuchajwa uye kuburitswa kana rambi rekukurumidzira riri kushandiswa, kugadzirisa nekutadza.Semuyenzaniso, mwenje wakajairwa uye moto wekukurumidzira marambi anotora dunhu rimwe chete, kuitira kuti marambi echimbichimbi emoto anowanzo ari munzvimbo yekuchaja uye kubuda, Inokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru kubhatiri, inomhanyisa kubviswa kwebhatiri remwenje, uye zvakanyanya. inokanganisa hupenyu hwebasa remwenje.Panguva yekuongorora dzimwe nzvimbo, vatariri vemoto vanowanzowana "tsika" yekudzivirira moto-kutyorwa kwemagetsi echimbichimbi haagone kushanda zvakanaka, mazhinji acho anokonzerwa nekutadza kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emoto.
Nokudaro, pakuongorora dhiyabhorosi yemagetsi, sangano rekutarisa moto rinofanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya kuti dunhu rekupa magetsi rinogamuchirwa kune mwenje wekukurumidzira moto.
3, Kuisa mutsara uye kusarudzwa kwewaya kwemarambi emoto ekukurumidzira.
Chisungo 11.1.6 chemitemo yekuvaka chinoti tambo yekugovera yemagetsi ekudzimisa moto ichazadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuenderera mberi kwemagetsi kana moto, uye kuiswa kwayo kunoenderana nezvinotevera:
1. Kana yakavanzwa kuiswa, inofanira kuiswa kuburikidza nepombi uye muchimiro chisina kupisa, uye hupamhi hwechidziviriro chekudzivirira hachifaniri kuva pasi pe3cm.Kana yakavhurika kuisa (kusanganisira kuisa padenga), ichapfuura nepapombi yesimbi kana trunking yesimbi yakavharwa, uye matanho ekudzivirira moto achatorwa;
2. Kana tambo dzinodzivirira moto kana kuti dzinopisa moto dzinoshandiswa, matanho ekudzivirira moto haagoni kutorwa pakuisa mumatsime etambo uye tambo dzetambo;
3. Kana mineral insulated incombustible cables inoshandiswa, inogona kuiswa zvakananga pachena;
4. Inofanira kuiswa zvakasiyana kubva kune mamwe mitsara yekugovera;Kana yakaradzikwa mumugero mumwe chete wetsime, inofanira kurongwa pamativi ese emugero wetsime zvakateerana.
Marambi emoto ekukurumidzira anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa zvivakwa, izvo zvinonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zvese zveveruzhinji zvechivako.Kana pombi isina kuiswa panzvimbo, zviri nyore kwazvo kukonzera dunhu rakazaruka, pfupi pfupi uye kubuda kwemitsara yemagetsi mumoto, izvo zvisingazoiti kuti marambi ekukurumidzira aite basa rawo, asiwo anotungamirira kune dzimwe njodzi uye njodzi.Iwo marambi ekukurumidzira ane simba repakati pepakati ane zvinodiwa zvepamusoro pamutsetse, nekuti magetsi emagetsi akadaro akabatanidzwa kubva kumutsara mukuru webhodhi rekugovera.Chero bedzi chikamu chimwe chemutsara mukuru chakakuvadzwa kana marambi ari mapfupi akatenderera, marambi ese ekukurumidzira pamutsetse wese achakuvadzwa.
Mukuongorora moto uye kugamuchirwa kwemamwe mapurojekiti, zvinowanzoonekwa kuti kana mitsara yemwenje yekukurumidzira yakavigwa, ukobvu hwechidziviriro chekudzivirira hachigone kuita zvinodiwa, hapana matanho ekudzivirira moto anotorwa kana afumurwa, waya. shandisa waya dzakajairwa sheathed kana aluminium musimboti waya, uye hapana pombi yakarukwa kana yakavharwa simbi trunking kudzivirira.Kunyange kana matanho ekudzivirira moto akatarwa akatorwa, hose, mabhokisi ekubatanidza uye zvibatanidza zvakaiswa mumarambi hazvigoni kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka, kana kunyange kubudiswa kunze.Mamwe marambi emoto ekukurumidzira akabatana zvakananga kune socket uye yakajairika mwenje mwenje kuseri kwe switch.Aya asiri-akajairwa mitsara yekuisa uye nzira dzekuisa mwenje dzakajairika mukushongedza uye kuvakazve mapurojekiti edzimwe nzvimbo diki dzeveruzhinji, uye kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nazvo kwakashata zvakanyanya.
Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kunyatso kutevedzera zvinoenderana nemitemo yenyika, kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa uye kusarudzwa kwewaya yekugovera mwenje wemoto wekukurumidzira, kunyatsotenga nekushandisa zvigadzirwa, waya uye tambo dzinosangana nenyika, uye kuita basa rakanaka mukati. kudzivirira kwemoto kwemutsara wekugovera.
4, Kubudirira uye marongerwo emarambi emoto ekukurumidzira.
Chisungo 11.3.2 chemitemo yekuvaka chinoti kuvhenekera kwemarambi ekuvhenekesa moto muzvivakwa kuchazadzisa zvinotevera zvinodiwa:
1. Kuvhenekera kwepasi kwakaderera kwekufamba kwekufamba hakuzove pasi pe0.5lx;
2. Kuvhenekera kwepasi kwakaderera munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda hakufaniri kuva pasi pe1LX;
3. Kuvhenekera kwepasi kwakadzika kwe staircase hakufaniri kuva pasi pe5lx;
4. Kuvheneka kwemoto kwekukurumidzira kwekamuri yekudzora moto, imba yepombi yemoto, kamuri yejenareta, imba yekugovera magetsi, kudzora utsi uye imba yekubudisira hutsi uye mamwe makamuri ayo achiri kuda kushanda sezvakangoita kana moto ukavapo ucharamba uchivhenekera. lighting.
Chisungo 11.3.3 chemitemo yekuvaka chinoti marambi echimbichimbi emoto anofanirwa kuiswa pamusoro pemadziro, padenga kana pamusoro pekubuda.
Chisungo 11.3.4 chemitemo yekuvaka chinoti kumisikidzwa kwechiratidzo chekubuda kwechiedza kunoenderana nezvinotevera:
1. "Emergency exit" ichashandiswa sechiratidzo chakananga pamusoro pekubuda nechimbichimbi nemusuwo wekubuda;
2. Zviratidzo zvinotaridza kubuda kwechiedza zvakaiswa padivi penzira yekubuda zvichaiswa pamadziro pasi pe 1m kubva pasi panzira yekubuda nepakona yayo, uye nzvimbo yezviratidzo zvekubuda kwechiedza haifanire kudarika 20m.Pakufamba kwebhegi, haizove yakakura kupfuura 10m, uye munzvimbo yekona yenzira yekufamba, haizove yakakura kupfuura 1m.Maraiti echiratidzo chekukurumidzira akaiswa pasi achaita kuti arambe achitarisa kona uye nzvimbo haifaniri kudarika 5m.
Parizvino, matambudziko mashanu anotevera anowanzoonekwa mukubudirira uye kurongeka kwemarambi ekukurumidzira emoto: kutanga, marambi emoto ekukurumidzira anofanira kuiswa muzvikamu zvakakosha hazvina kuiswa;Chechipiri, nzvimbo yemarambi emagetsi ekukurumidzira moto yakanyanya kuderera, nhamba yacho haina kukwana, uye kuvhenekera hakugone kusangana nezvinodiwa;Chechitatu, marambi echiratidzo chekukurumidzira moto akaiswa panzira yekubuda haana kuisirwa pamadziro pazasi pe1m, nzvimbo yekuisa yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye nzvimbo yacho yakakura kwazvo, inodarika 20m spacing inodiwa neiyo yakatarwa, kunyanya mubhegi. uye nzvimbo yekona yekufamba, nhamba yemarambi haina kukwana uye nzvimbo yacho yakakura kwazvo;Chechina, chiratidzo chekukurumidzira moto chinoratidza kwaakananga uye haigone kunongedzera nenzira yekubuda;Chechishanu, mwenje wepasi kana chiedza chekuchengetedza evacuation zviratidzo zviratidzo hazvifanirwe kuiswa, kana kunyangwe zvakaiswa, hazvigone kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera kwekuona.
Kuti udzivise kuvapo kwezvinetso zviri pamusoro, sangano rekutarisa moto rinofanira kusimbisa kutarisa uye kuongorora nzvimbo yekuvaka, kuwana matambudziko munguva uye kumisa kuvaka zvisiri pamutemo.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa kunyatsotarisa kugamuchirwa kuti uone kuti kushanda kwemarambi emoto ekukurumidzira kunosangana nechiyero uye kunorongwa panzvimbo.
5, Chigadzirwa chemhando yemarambi emoto ekukurumidzira.
Muna 2007, purovhinzi yakaita kutungamira uye nekuongorora zvisina tsarukano pane zvigadzirwa zvekumisa moto.Huwandu hwemabheji e19 ezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi ekudzivirira moto zvakasarudzwa, uye mabheji mana chete ezvigadzirwa aikwanisa, uye sampling akakodzera mwero waingova 21%.Iyo nzvimbo yekutarisa mhinduro inoratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvekuvhenekesa moto zvechimbichimbi zvakanyanya zvine matambudziko anotevera: kutanga, kushandiswa kwemabhatiri hakuzadzise zvinodiwa.Semuenzaniso: lead-asidi bhatiri, matatu asina mabhatiri kana asingaenderane nebheti rekuongorora certification;Chechipiri, huwandu hwebhatiri hwakaderera uye nguva yekukurumidzira haisi kusvika pachiyero;Chetatu, iyo yakawandisa yekuburitsa uye pamusoro pechaji yekudzivirira maseketi haaite basa rawo rakakodzera.Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti vamwe vagadziri vanogadzirisa maseketi ezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa pasina mvumo kuitira kuti vaderedze mitengo, uye kurerutsa kana kusaisa pamusoro pekubuda uye pamusoro pekudzivirira maseketi;Chechina, kupenya kwepamusoro mumamiriro ekukurumidzira hakugone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakajairwa, kupenya hakuna kuenzana, uye gwapa rakakura kwazvo.
Iyo yenyika mitemo yekudzivirira moto zviratidzo gb13495 uye moto wekukurumidzira marambi GB17945 akaita zvigadziro zvakajeka pamichina yehunyanzvi, kuita kwechikamu, kutsanangurwa uye mhando dzemarambi emoto ekukurumidzira.Parizvino, mamwe marambi emoto ekukurumidzira anogadzirwa uye anotengeswa pamusika haazadzise zvinodikanwa zvekuwana musika uye haasati awana inoenderana yenyika mhando yekuongorora.Zvimwe zvigadzirwa hazvienderane nezviyero maererano nekuenderana kwechigadzirwa uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotadza kupasa bvunzo yekuita.Vamwe vanogadzira zvisiri pamutemo, vatengesi uye kunyange mishumo yekuongorora yemanyepo vanogadzira uye vanotengesa zvigadzirwa zvemanyepo uye zvisina kusimba kana zvigadzirwa zvisina kusimba, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya musika wechigadzirwa chemoto.
Nokudaro, sangano rinotarisa moto rinoita, maererano nezvinodiwa zvemutemo wekudzivirira moto uye mutemo wehutano hwechigadzirwa, kusimbisa kutarisa uye kuongororwa kwechigadzirwa chemhando yemarambi emoto, kuongorora zvakanyanya uye kubata nekugadzirwa zvisiri pamutemo uye kutengesa maitiro. kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemusika zvisina tsarukano uye pa-saiti kuongororwa, kuitira kuchenesa musika wechigadzirwa chemoto.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-19-2022
